A Revolutionary Leap in Sustainable Architecture
Researchers at the University of Southern California (USC) have unveiled a groundbreaking method that not only captures carbon dioxide (CO₂) from the atmosphere but also transforms it into strong, fire-resistant building materials. This innovative technique, inspired by the natural processes of coral reefs, represents a major step toward carbon-negative construction.
The study, published in npj Advanced Manufacturing, introduces a novel electrochemical manufacturing process that embeds CO₂ into 3D-printed polymer scaffolds, converting it into durable calcium carbonate structures. This breakthrough could significantly reduce the environmental impact of construction, an industry responsible for approximately 11% of global carbon emissions.
Inspired by Coral Reefs: A Nature-Based Solution
Traditional carbon capture technologies focus on storing or converting CO₂ into liquid forms, often requiring expensive and inefficient processes. However, USC researchers took inspiration from coral reefs, which naturally sequester CO₂ and convert it into solid structures.
“As an organism, coral absorbs carbon dioxide from the atmosphere through photosynthesis and transforms it into strong skeletal formations,” explained Qiming Wang, associate professor at USC Viterbi School of Engineering.
The team replicated this process by developing 3D-printed polymer scaffolds that mimic coral’s natural framework. These scaffolds were coated with a thin conductive layer, immersed in a calcium chloride solution, and connected to electrochemical circuits. When CO₂ was introduced, it triggered a reaction that converted the carbon into calcium carbonate, gradually filling the pores of the 3D-printed structures.
Fire-Resistant and Self-Healing Properties
One of the most remarkable discoveries was the material’s fire resistance. Unlike conventional polymer-based structures, the mineralized composite retained its integrity even after 30 minutes of direct flame exposure. The calcium carbonate within the material released small amounts of CO₂ when heated, acting as a natural fire suppressant.
Additionally, the material exhibited self-repairing properties. When subjected to low-voltage electricity, electrochemical reactions restored cracked surfaces, maintaining the composite’s mechanical strength. This feature enhances the longevity and durability of future construction materials.
Paving the Way for Carbon-Negative Buildings
A life cycle assessment revealed that the carbon captured during the manufacturing process exceeded the emissions generated, making the material truly carbon-negative. The modular design also allows for large-scale applications, making it suitable for load-bearing structures in construction and engineering.
With the potential to revolutionize the industry, researchers are now focusing on commercializing this patented technology. By integrating carbon sequestration directly into building materials, this method could drive the transition toward a more sustainable and climate-resilient future.
