In a groundbreaking study published in Cell Stem Cell, researchers from the University of Wisconsin have achieved a significant milestone by creating functional brain tissue using 3D printing technology. This development not only mimics human brain tissue’s ability to grow and form connections but also heralds a new era in the study of stem cell biology, neuroscience, and the pathology of neurological and psychiatric disorders.
A New Approach to Brain Biology
Lead researcher and neurobiologist Su-Chun Zhang explained, “This could change our understanding of stem cell biology, neuroscience, and the pathogenesis of many neurological and psychiatric disorders.” The success of this endeavor marks a pivotal shift in how scientists can study and potentially treat brain-related conditions.
The Process of Printing Brain Tissue
Initially, the scientists created a scaffold using a 3D printer and a gel, upon which living cells were seeded. This method differs from typical 3D printing techniques, which usually involve depositing living cells along with bio-ink. After encountering challenges with non-biodegradable, rigid gel that caused nerve cells to form large, thick clusters, the team innovated by layering the biomaterial horizontally instead of the standard vertical layering.
Innovative Layering Technique Yields Results
By embedding neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells into a softer gel, the researchers observed remarkable outcomes. “The tissue still has enough structure to hold together, but it’s soft enough to allow neurons to grow into each other and start communicating,” Zhang said. This approach allowed neurons to interact, send signals, and even form proper networks with supporting cells added to the printed tissue.
A New Tool for Neurobiology
The university’s press release highlights that this discovery provides neurobiologists with a novel tool for exploring the connections between human brain cells and other brain parts. As a result, this technology could pave the way for finding more effective treatments for diseases like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s in the future.
Conclusion
The creation of 3D-printed brain tissue by the University of Wisconsin researchers represents a significant leap forward in the field of neuroscience. It not only showcases the potential of 3D printing in medical research but also opens up new avenues for understanding and treating complex neurological conditions. As this technology continues to evolve, it holds the promise of revolutionizing our approach to neurobiological research and patient care.
