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Europe Sets Data Transfer Record with 1.2 Terabits per Second Over 3,500 km Quantum-Secured Network

A Historic Breakthrough in Data Transmission

In a remarkable technological milestone, a consortium of European organizations has successfully transmitted 1.2 terabits of data per second across a 3,500-kilometer distance. The project, led by CSC – IT Center for Science (Finland), SURF (Netherlands), and Nokia, represents the fastest known long-distance fiber-optic data transfer, pushing the boundaries of modern connectivity and demonstrating real-world readiness for next-generation AI and supercomputing infrastructure.

What Makes This Achievement So Important?

Unlike typical tests conducted in controlled lab conditions, this trial used actual and synthetic research data transferred directly from disk to disk. The route spanned from Amsterdam’s SURF facility to CSC’s data center in Kajaani, Finland, navigating through five operational research and education networks: NORDUnet, Sunet (Sweden), SIKT (Norway), Funet (Finland), and SURF itself.

The network leveraged Nokia’s IP/MPLS routing technology and quantum-secured optical hardware, showcasing unprecedented reliability, security, and throughput. By integrating Flexible Ethernet (FlexE), Nokia enabled what experts call “elephant flows” – massive, continuous streams of data essential for AI and high-performance computing (HPC) environments.

Powering Europe’s AI Ambitions

This breakthrough is not just about speed. It lays the digital groundwork for Europe’s AI revolution. According to CSC’s senior network expert Jani Muurari, the test confirms that even vast geographic distances no longer present an obstacle to high-volume scientific data transfer. This is especially critical ahead of the launch of the LUMI-AI supercomputer and the AI Factory initiative in Finland.

The project proves that strategic cross-border partnerships can deliver world-class innovation. By building resilient, high-speed, and secure data highways, Europe positions itself as a formidable force in global AI, weather forecasting, and advanced computing.

What’s Next for European Data Infrastructure?

SURF and CSC aim to deepen collaboration as part of Europe’s broader supercomputing ecosystem, supporting efforts like GPT-nl and large-scale meteorological simulations using LUMI. This evolution underscores the urgent need for robust, scalable infrastructure capable of handling the increasing demand for real-time data, AI workloads, and climate modeling.

As Mikhailo Lenko, Client Solutions Architect at Nokia, emphasized:
“We’re proud to power a quantum-secure, high-throughput infrastructure that scales with the needs of global research and education networks, fueling the next wave of discovery.”

Conclusion: A New Era of Connectivity and Innovation

This record-setting experiment marks a turning point in how data can flow across nations securely and at unprecedented speed. It reinforces Europe’s capability to lead in supercomputing, artificial intelligence, and digital sovereignty. With quantum security, HPC compatibility, and massive throughput, the infrastructure is now in place to support the future of science and technology.

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