Children Are Building Emotional Relationships with AI Chatbots, Researchers Warn
As artificial intelligence becomes more accessible and integrated into everyday life, a new study by Internet Matters has revealed that children, especially those deemed vulnerable, are developing emotional connections with AI chatbots. The findings raise important questions about the psychological impact of these interactions and highlight the urgent need for both educational and regulatory responses.
Widespread Use Among Young Users
According to the research, two-thirds of British children aged 9 to 17 have interacted with chatbots like ChatGPT (43%), Google Gemini (32%), and Snapchat’s My AI (31%). For many, these bots are more than just tools — they are becoming companions. Vulnerable children, defined as those with special educational needs or health issues, are more likely to use AI chatbots emotionally.
Emotional Dependency on the Rise
What’s striking is how deeply some children are connecting with these tools. About 35% of users report feeling friendly emotions toward the bots, and among vulnerable children, that figure jumps to over 50%. An alarming one in eight children uses AI chatbots because they have no one else to talk to. Vulnerable users are twice as likely to fall into this group.
Moreover, more than half (58%) of the children surveyed said they trust chatbots more than manual Google searches, indicating a shift in how they seek support and information.
Experts Caution Against Unsupervised Use
Experts cited in the Internet Matters report caution that, as chatbots become more humanlike, children — particularly vulnerable ones — may become emotionally dependent on them. They also point out that most kids are navigating this technology without adult guidance. While many parents have spoken to their children about AI, only a third addressed the accuracy of chatbot information.
Additionally, only 57% of children say AI is discussed in their schools, and in most cases, only once or twice. This lack of formal education creates a knowledge gap that could have long-term consequences for digital literacy and emotional health.
Call for Systemic Solutions
The authors of the study advocate for a systematic approach to managing children’s interaction with AI. This includes the introduction of AI literacy lessons in schools, training for teachers, and clear government regulations. The tech industry, they say, must also do its part by offering parental controls and transparency features. Parents, too, should actively discuss AI with their children and help them understand its role and risks.
Conclusion: Building Healthy Digital Relationships
As chatbots evolve, so must our understanding of their impact on young minds. While AI offers countless benefits, it’s essential that children’s emotional development isn’t left in the hands of machines. By combining education, regulation, and active parenting, society can ensure that children grow up with healthy, informed relationships with technology — and with real people.
