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Attribution Uncertainty: New Revelations in Denmark’s Energy Sector Cyberattacks”

The cyberattacks on Denmark’s energy sector in 2023, which targeted approximately 22 organizations, may not have been orchestrated by the Russia-linked Sandworm hacking group, as previously thought. Forescout’s recent findings challenge earlier suspicions and shed light on the two distinct waves of attacks. The first wave exploited a security flaw in Zyxel firewalls, while the second involved deploying Mirai botnet variants through an unknown initial access vector. Forescout’s investigation revealed that the two waves were unrelated, and the second wave was part of a broader mass exploitation campaign against unpatched Zyxel firewalls. The perpetrators behind the attacks remain unidentified.

The first wave occurred on May 11, and the second wave spanned from May 22 to 31, 2023. Notably, during an attack on May 24, the compromised system communicated with IP addresses previously associated with the command-and-control infrastructure of the now-dismantled Cyclops Blink botnet. However, Forescout’s closer examination of the campaign suggests that the attacks might have commenced as early as February 16 and persisted until October 2023. The campaign targeted various entities across Europe and the U.S.

Forescout’s report, aptly titled “Clearing the Fog of War,” emphasizes that cyberattacks are challenging to attribute to specific threat actors. The findings challenge the earlier narrative linking the attacks to Sandworm or Russia definitively. The company’s investigation underscores the complexity of cybersecurity attribution and highlights the need for caution before assigning blame to specific actors or groups.

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